What happens if banks use XRP?

Imagine XRP as a bridge helping banks send money quickly and cheaply across borders. Ripple’s On-Demand Liquidity (ODL) uses XRP to do this. If banks start using ODL, they’ll need to buy XRP to power these transfers.

Increased Demand: More banks using ODL means more XRP will be bought, increasing its demand. Think of it like any product – higher demand often leads to higher prices.

Possible Price Increase: This increased demand could push the price of XRP up. However, it’s not guaranteed. Many factors influence cryptocurrency prices, including overall market sentiment, regulation, and competition from other cryptocurrencies.

Real-World Use Case: ODL provides a practical use for XRP, unlike some cryptocurrencies that exist mainly for speculation.
Faster Transactions: ODL aims for faster cross-border payments compared to traditional banking methods which can take days.
Lower Costs: By using XRP, banks might reduce transaction fees, saving money for themselves and potentially customers.

Important Note: While increased adoption could lead to a price increase, it’s crucial to understand that investing in cryptocurrencies is risky. Prices can be extremely volatile, and you could lose money.

Don’t invest more than you can afford to lose.
Do your own research. Don’t rely solely on information from one source.
Consider the risks. Cryptocurrency markets are unpredictable.

Can XRP be cashed out?

Yes, XRP can be cashed out. The current price fluctuates, so check a reliable exchange like Kraken for the real-time value. At the time of this writing, it’s approximately $2.2, but this is subject to significant change.

Cashing out on Kraken: Kraken offers a relatively straightforward process for selling XRP and withdrawing funds. Selling generally takes minutes; however, withdrawal times to your bank account vary depending on your chosen method and bank processing times, ranging from 0-5 business days as stated.

Important Considerations:

Exchange Fees: All exchanges charge fees for trading and withdrawals. Kraken’s fees vary depending on your trading volume and withdrawal method. Factor these costs into your profit calculations.
Security: Always prioritize security. Use strong, unique passwords, enable two-factor authentication (2FA), and be wary of phishing scams. Never share your private keys or seed phrase with anyone.
Tax Implications: Selling cryptocurrencies often has tax implications. Consult a tax professional to understand the tax laws in your jurisdiction regarding capital gains taxes on cryptocurrency transactions.
Regulatory Landscape: The regulatory environment for cryptocurrencies is constantly evolving. Be aware of any legal restrictions or compliance requirements in your region concerning buying, selling, and holding XRP.
Alternative Exchanges: Kraken is just one exchange. Consider using multiple exchanges to diversify and potentially find better pricing or features. Research other reputable platforms before transferring your XRP.

Withdrawal Methods (general examples): Kraken, and other exchanges, typically support various withdrawal methods, including:

Bank Transfers (ACH): Usually slower but often the cheapest option.
Wire Transfers: Faster but generally more expensive.

Disclaimer: This information is for educational purposes only and not financial advice. Always conduct your own thorough research before making any investment decisions.

What banks are switching to digital currency?

Several major financial institutions are actively exploring digital currency integration, notably through a pilot program testing digital dollar tokens on a shared database to accelerate payment processing. This initiative signifies a significant shift in the financial landscape.

Key players involved include BNY Mellon, Citi, HSBC, Mastercard, PNC Bank, TD Bank, Truist, U.S. Bank, and Wells Fargo – a consortium representing substantial market share and influence. The success of this pilot could significantly impact transaction speeds and costs, potentially disrupting traditional payment rails.

Potential implications are far-reaching. Faster settlement times could unlock new trading opportunities and improve liquidity. Reduced costs could benefit both businesses and consumers. However, the long-term effects on monetary policy and financial regulation remain to be seen. This development deserves close monitoring for traders interested in the future of finance and fintech.

Regulatory uncertainty surrounding CBDCs (Central Bank Digital Currencies) and stablecoins remains a crucial factor. The outcome of this pilot will likely influence regulatory frameworks and adoption strategies globally. This project’s success or failure holds significant weight for investors considering exposure to the digital currency space.

Will all banks in Japan use XRP by 2025?

This is HUGE. The Bank of Japan’s announcement of XRP integration across all domestic banks by 2025 is a game-changer. Forget everything you thought you knew about slow, bureaucratic adoption of blockchain tech. This isn’t just a pilot program; it’s a full-scale national implementation.

Why is this so significant?

Speed and Efficiency: XRP’s speed and low transaction costs are unparalleled, drastically improving interbank settlements. Think near-instantaneous cross-border payments.
Reduced Costs: Traditional correspondent banking is incredibly expensive. XRP eliminates much of this overhead, benefiting both banks and consumers.
Increased Transparency: Blockchain’s inherent transparency enhances accountability and reduces fraud risks within the Japanese banking system.
Global Precedent: Japan, a technologically advanced nation with a robust financial sector, adopting XRP sets a powerful precedent for other countries to follow suit. We could see a domino effect.

What to watch for:

Regulatory Clarity: While this announcement is monumental, we need to see how the regulatory framework evolves to support this widespread XRP adoption.
Technological Integration: Successful implementation requires seamless integration across all Japanese banks, a complex undertaking.
International Ripple Effects: This move will likely pressure other central banks and financial institutions to explore similar blockchain solutions.

Bottom line: This is a bullish signal for XRP and the broader crypto market. While risks remain, the potential rewards of this widespread adoption are enormous.

How will digital currency affect banks?

CBDCs will initially disrupt bank deposit markets. Without significant liquidity concerns, banks will see immediate market share erosion as customers migrate to the CBDC, a zero-risk alternative. This competitive pressure will force banks to offer higher deposit rates, squeezing their net interest margins. This isn’t just about retail deposits; the impact on wholesale funding markets is crucial, potentially altering the interbank lending landscape and impacting the cost of capital for banks. The long-term impact, however, hinges on how banks adapt. We could see a shift toward fee-based services, increased focus on lending and wealth management, or even strategic partnerships with CBDC infrastructure providers. The rate at which adoption happens will be a key variable, with faster adoption implying a more aggressive and immediate impact on bank profitability and balance sheets.

Furthermore, the implications for monetary policy transmission are significant. CBDCs could facilitate quicker and more efficient monetary policy implementation, potentially bypassing the existing banking system’s role in credit creation. This alters banks’ ability to influence money supply, increasing the central bank’s direct control. The ensuing changes in money velocity and potential for increased financial stability (or instability depending on implementation) are massive, and thus represent both opportunities and threats.

Ultimately, banks that successfully integrate CBDC functionalities into their existing platforms and leverage the technology for new products and services will likely thrive. Those that fail to adapt risk becoming obsolete players, confined to niche markets.

Is it smart to hold XRP?

The question of whether holding XRP is “smart” is complex and depends heavily on individual risk tolerance and investment strategy. While XRP has demonstrated longevity in the volatile crypto market, surpassing many coins that have faded quickly, labeling it a sure bet for long-term holding (through 2030 and beyond) is a significant oversimplification.

Factors supporting long-term XRP holding:

Established Network: XRP Ledger boasts a robust and established transaction network, offering fast and relatively inexpensive cross-border payments. This utility provides a fundamental value proposition.
Ongoing Development: Ripple, the company behind XRP, continues development and partnerships, potentially expanding XRP’s utility and adoption.
Regulatory Uncertainty (a major caveat): The ongoing legal battle between Ripple and the SEC significantly impacts XRP’s price and future. A favorable outcome could drastically increase its value, while an unfavorable one could severely hinder it. This uncertainty is a crucial factor to consider.

Factors arguing against long-term XRP holding:

Centralization Concerns: Ripple’s significant control over XRP’s distribution raises concerns about decentralization, a key tenet of many cryptocurrencies.
Regulatory Risk: The SEC lawsuit highlights the inherent regulatory risks associated with XRP and other crypto assets. Regulatory clarity remains elusive globally.
Market Volatility: Crypto markets are inherently volatile. Even established cryptocurrencies experience significant price swings. Past performance is not indicative of future results.

Instead of a simple “yes” or “no,” a more informed approach would involve:

Thorough Due Diligence: Independently research XRP’s technology, market position, and regulatory landscape.
Diversification: Don’t put all your eggs in one basket. Diversify your cryptocurrency portfolio to mitigate risk.
Risk Assessment: Accurately assess your own risk tolerance before investing in any cryptocurrency, especially one facing significant regulatory uncertainty like XRP.
Long-Term Perspective (but realistic): Holding for the long term is often advised for crypto, but understand that predicting market behavior years into the future is extremely difficult. A long-term strategy should incorporate regular review and potential adjustments based on evolving market conditions and regulatory developments.

What is the effect of cryptocurrencies on the banking system?

Cryptocurrencies are like digital cash, but instead of being controlled by banks, they use a technology called blockchain. This makes transactions faster and cheaper, especially for sending money across countries. Banks usually take a long time and charge a lot for international transfers, but with crypto, it’s often much quicker and cheaper because there are no middlemen – it’s more direct peer-to-peer.

However, crypto isn’t without risks. The value of cryptocurrencies fluctuates wildly, meaning the money you send could be worth more or less when the recipient receives it. Also, crypto transactions are often not regulated as strictly as bank transactions, so there’s a higher risk of scams or theft if you’re not careful.

Some cryptocurrencies are designed specifically for quick and cheap international payments, often using technologies like the Lightning Network to make transactions even faster. These are faster than traditional SWIFT payments which are used by banks.

Despite the risks and volatility, the potential for crypto to disrupt the traditional banking system in the area of international payments is significant because of its speed and lower costs.

What is Ripple in banking?

Ripple, or XRP as its native cryptocurrency is known, isn’t just another crypto; it’s a game-changer for banking. Think of it as the backbone for faster, cheaper international payments. Their software, RippleNet, allows banks to send money across borders almost instantly, bypassing the slow and costly traditional SWIFT system.

Here’s the kicker: It leverages blockchain technology for enhanced security and transparency, but it’s *not* a decentralized cryptocurrency like Bitcoin. XRP acts as a bridge currency, facilitating these transactions efficiently.

Key benefits for banks (and why I’m bullish):

Reduced transaction costs: Significantly cheaper than traditional methods.
Increased speed: Near real-time settlements are a massive advantage.
Improved transparency: Trackable transactions enhance accountability.
Enhanced security: Blockchain’s inherent security features minimize risks.

Things to consider (always DYOR!):

Ripple faces ongoing legal battles with the SEC in the US, impacting XRP’s price and adoption.
While RippleNet is gaining traction, it’s not universally adopted yet. Wider adoption is key to its long-term success.
The value of XRP is highly volatile, as with any cryptocurrency. Invest responsibly and only what you can afford to lose.

In short: Ripple offers a compelling solution for streamlining cross-border payments. While legal uncertainty exists, the potential for disruption in the financial industry is undeniable, making it a potentially lucrative investment—but always proceed with caution.

Is the US government buying XRP?

Nope, the US government isn’t buying XRP, despite some initial hype. Trump’s executive order actually classified it as a “Stockpile Asset,” a designation that explicitly prohibits new purchases. This means the government can only manage existing holdings – essentially, they can hold onto it or sell it, but no fresh acquisitions are permitted. This is a pretty big blow to XRP’s narrative as a potential reserve currency. It’s important to remember that “Stockpile Asset” is a pretty specific designation, implying the government likely already possesses some XRP, possibly seized in investigations or obtained through other means. This situation highlights the regulatory complexities surrounding crypto and underscores the significant difference between speculation and actual government adoption. The implications for XRP’s price are potentially negative, especially considering the lack of positive news regarding its future regulatory status. It’s a clear reminder to always do your own thorough research before investing in any cryptocurrency, especially one with significant regulatory uncertainty.

How will cryptocurrency disrupt the financial system?

The volatility inherent in cryptocurrencies, characterized by rapid and unpredictable price swings, presents a significant challenge to accurate return prediction. This inherent risk, while potentially lucrative for skilled traders, makes it unsuitable for risk-averse investors seeking stable returns. Understanding this volatility is paramount.

Beyond price fluctuations, security remains a key concern. The decentralized nature of crypto, while lauded for its censorship resistance, simultaneously exposes it to a higher risk of hacking and cybercrime compared to traditional, centralized banking systems. This vulnerability stems from the lack of a central authority to oversee and regulate transactions, leaving investors reliant on robust security practices and the inherent security of their chosen platform.

Consider these factors for a more comprehensive picture:

Regulatory Uncertainty: The evolving regulatory landscape globally presents ongoing uncertainty, impacting market stability and investor confidence. This uncertainty can lead to significant price fluctuations as regulations shift.
Scalability Issues: Many cryptocurrencies face scalability challenges, impacting transaction speeds and fees. This can hinder widespread adoption and create bottlenecks, particularly during periods of high transaction volume.
Environmental Impact: The energy consumption associated with some proof-of-work cryptocurrencies raises significant environmental concerns, prompting a shift towards more energy-efficient consensus mechanisms.

Successfully navigating the crypto space requires a sophisticated understanding of these inherent risks and a diversified investment strategy. Don’t over-allocate, and always conduct thorough due diligence before investing in any cryptocurrency.

Can XRP reach $10,000 usd?

Reaching $10,000 per XRP is highly improbable in the foreseeable future. At that price, XRP’s market capitalization would exceed $4.6 trillion (assuming the total supply of 100 billion XRP), dwarfing even the largest global markets significantly.

Several factors contribute to this extreme unlikelihood:

Market Cap Discrepancy: A $4.6 trillion market cap for XRP alone is astronomically high, representing a disproportionate share of the entire global financial market. It’s unrealistic to expect such a massive concentration of value in a single asset.
Regulatory Uncertainty: Ongoing regulatory scrutiny of XRP significantly impacts its price trajectory and potential for widespread adoption. A resolution favorable to XRP is essential for sustained growth, but the outcome remains uncertain.
Technological Limitations: While XRP’s speed and scalability are advantages, its functionality is relatively limited compared to more versatile blockchain platforms offering smart contracts and decentralized applications (dApps). This limits its potential use cases and market demand.
Competition: The cryptocurrency market is highly competitive. Numerous other projects offer similar functionalities with potentially superior technology, limiting XRP’s potential to dominate the market.

Instead of focusing on speculative price targets, it’s more constructive to consider these aspects:

Adoption Rate: Increased adoption by financial institutions and businesses is crucial for sustained growth. This depends heavily on regulatory clarity and the demonstrated utility of the XRP Ledger.
Technological Development: Future upgrades and improvements to the XRP Ledger could enhance its capabilities and appeal, leading to increased adoption and potential price appreciation.
Market Sentiment: Broader market conditions and overall investor sentiment towards cryptocurrencies will influence XRP’s price, regardless of its fundamental value.

In summary, while significant price appreciation is possible, a $10,000 price point for XRP is exceptionally unlikely due to fundamental limitations and market dynamics.

Is Bank of America using XRP?

While Bank of America hasn’t publicly confirmed using XRP for internal transactions, the rumor mill is churning! Imagine the implications: faster, cheaper, and potentially 24/7 cross-border payments. This would be a game-changer, leveraging XRP’s speed and low transaction fees for massive efficiency gains. However, this is purely speculative at this point. No official statements from Bank of America exist confirming XRP usage. The potential benefits are enormous – think reduced operational costs and increased transaction throughput – but we need concrete evidence before jumping to conclusions. Keep an eye on official announcements from both Ripple and Bank of America for reliable information.

What did Trump do with XRP?

Trump’s March 3rd announcement regarding a US strategic cryptocurrency reserve, including XRP alongside Bitcoin, Ethereum, Solana, and Cardano, was a significant, albeit ultimately unrealized, event. While the specifics of this proposed reserve remain shrouded in mystery – no concrete action followed the announcement – its mere suggestion sent ripples through the crypto market. The declaration aimed to position the US as a global crypto leader, a bold geopolitical strategy that played into the narrative of technological dominance. The inclusion of XRP, a relatively less-established asset compared to Bitcoin and Ethereum at the time, was noteworthy, potentially indicating a broader acceptance of altcoins within a potential future regulatory framework. However, the lack of follow-through renders the impact speculative, leaving the long-term consequences of this proclamation a subject of ongoing debate within the crypto community.

The timing is also crucial. It occurred during a period of heightened interest in cryptocurrencies, but before the extensive regulatory scrutiny that followed. This makes assessing its potential impact complex. While it didn’t directly lead to any concrete policy changes, it highlights the evolving understanding of cryptocurrencies within political spheres and underscores the potential implications of government involvement in the crypto market.

Ultimately, the Trump administration’s statement regarding XRP, and the proposed crypto reserve as a whole, serves as a fascinating case study in the intersection of politics, technology, and finance. It shows the potential power of even unsubstantiated pronouncements from key figures to significantly influence market sentiment, and raises questions about the future of crypto regulation and the role of the US government in this rapidly evolving space.

Can crypto cause a financial crisis?

While regulators are voicing concerns about crypto causing a financial crisis, it’s crucial to understand the nuances. The potential for disruption exists, but it’s not inevitable. The recent warnings highlight the need for robust regulation, not an inherent instability within crypto itself.

Key factors influencing the risk:

Lack of regulation: The decentralized nature of many cryptocurrencies makes regulation challenging. This lack of oversight increases the risk of fraud, market manipulation, and systemic instability.
Volatility: Crypto markets are notoriously volatile, experiencing significant price swings. This volatility can trigger cascading effects, especially if leveraged trading is involved.
Contagion risk: Interconnectedness between different crypto projects and traditional financial systems presents a contagion risk. The failure of one major player could trigger a domino effect.
Stablecoin risks: The stability of stablecoins, designed to maintain a 1:1 peg with fiat currencies, is crucial. If a major stablecoin loses its peg, it could destabilize the entire market.

However, it’s important to note the positive aspects and mitigating factors:

Increased transparency: Blockchain technology offers enhanced transparency, potentially reducing opportunities for fraudulent activities.
Decentralization: The decentralized nature of cryptocurrencies, while posing regulatory challenges, also makes them more resilient to single points of failure compared to centralized financial systems.
Innovation and diversification: The crypto space is constantly evolving, with new technologies and solutions emerging to address existing risks.
Growing adoption: Increasing mainstream adoption of cryptocurrencies can lead to greater stability and maturity of the market.

The news report from Lever News highlights the urgency for responsible regulation and development within the crypto space. A well-regulated environment can mitigate the risks and unlock the full potential of this technology.

Is Amazon working with XRP?

While Amazon hasn’t officially confirmed a partnership with Ripple or XRP, the potential integration of XRP into Amazon’s payment infrastructure presents a compelling narrative.

Hypothetical Benefits: XRP’s speed and low transaction costs could significantly enhance Amazon’s payment processing capabilities. Imagine near-instantaneous cross-border transactions for international customers, reducing delays and fees. This could give Amazon a significant competitive advantage in global e-commerce.

Potential Impact on XRP Price: The integration of XRP into a platform as vast as Amazon could indeed drive substantial price appreciation. However, it’s crucial to remember that this is speculative. The actual price impact depends on many factors, including market sentiment, overall cryptocurrency adoption, and regulatory developments.

Important Considerations:

Regulatory Uncertainty: The regulatory landscape for cryptocurrencies remains volatile. Any partnership would need to navigate complex legal frameworks globally.
Scalability: While XRP boasts high transaction speeds, handling the massive transaction volume of an Amazon-scale platform would require robust infrastructure and rigorous testing.
Competition: Amazon already utilizes various payment methods. The extent to which XRP integration might displace existing systems remains unclear.

Alternative Scenarios: It’s equally plausible that Amazon might explore other blockchain technologies or decentralized finance (DeFi) solutions for improving its payment systems. The focus might be on enhancing security, transparency, or customer data privacy rather than solely on speed and cost reduction.

In summary: The idea of Amazon using XRP is intriguing, potentially revolutionizing online payments. However, substantial hurdles remain, and the actual outcome is highly uncertain. Any investment decisions should be based on thorough research and risk assessment, not solely on speculation surrounding a potential, yet unconfirmed, partnership.

How do I get my money back from XRP?

Your XRP isn’t gone; relax. This is a common issue. Exchanges sometimes experience hiccups. Contact their support *immediately* – don’t delay. Provide your transaction ID; a clear, plain-text version is crucial. Screenshots are generally unreliable.

Important Note: While most exchanges will assist, be prepared for a potential small fee. This is often factored into their operational costs and security measures. Think of it as a retrieval fee.

Pro Tip: Always double-check the receiving address before confirming any transaction. A simple typo can lead to exactly this situation. Consider using a reputable hardware wallet for enhanced security in the future. This adds a layer of protection beyond exchange custody, significantly minimizing these risks.

Further Considerations: The recovery time varies depending on the exchange’s policies and current workload. Be patient but persistent in your communication with support. Keep detailed records of all communications. If the issue persists, consider escalating the matter. Knowing your exchange’s dispute resolution process is a good proactive measure for future reference.

Will XRP reach $10?

Whether XRP reaches $10 is highly speculative. While a positive outcome in the SEC lawsuit against Ripple and increased RLUSD adoption are bullish factors, predicting a price target with certainty is impossible. Several factors beyond the lawsuit’s resolution could significantly impact XRP’s price.

Market Sentiment: Broad cryptocurrency market sentiment plays a crucial role. A bear market could significantly hinder XRP’s price appreciation, regardless of positive developments within the Ripple ecosystem.

Competition: The cryptocurrency market is highly competitive. The emergence of rival technologies and projects could divert investment away from XRP, limiting its potential upside.

Regulatory Landscape: Even with a favorable SEC ruling, broader regulatory uncertainty surrounding cryptocurrencies could negatively affect XRP’s price. Varying regulations across different jurisdictions add complexity and risk.

Technological Advancements: XRP’s success hinges on continued innovation and upgrades to its technology. Failure to adapt to evolving market needs could impact its adoption and value.

Ripple’s IPO and ETF Approvals: While a potential IPO and ETF listing could inject liquidity and increase exposure, these events are not guaranteed and their impact on XRP’s price is difficult to quantify. They could drive short-term volatility, but long-term impact depends on several factors.

Adoption Rate: Wider adoption by payment processors and financial institutions is crucial for long-term price growth. A successful integration strategy is vital for sustained growth beyond the speculative bubble.

A $10 XRP price by 2030 is within the realm of possibility given a confluence of positive factors. However, significant hurdles remain, and the journey will likely involve considerable volatility. Investors should approach any price prediction with a high degree of skepticism and thorough due diligence.

Is cryptocurrency a threat to banks?

Banks are concerned about cryptocurrency because it presents several significant risks:

Volatility: Cryptocurrency prices can change dramatically in short periods, making it difficult for banks to assess and manage their exposure. A sudden crash could lead to substantial losses for banks holding crypto or lending against it. Think of Bitcoin’s price swinging wildly – a large investment could quickly lose a significant portion of its value.
Legal Uncertainty: The regulatory landscape for cryptocurrency is still evolving and varies significantly across jurisdictions. This uncertainty makes it hard for banks to comply with all applicable laws and regulations, potentially leading to fines or legal action. Different countries have different rules about crypto, making it difficult to operate globally.
Liquidity Risk: If many people try to sell their crypto simultaneously (a “crypto winter”), it might be hard to find buyers quickly enough to convert the assets back into traditional currency at a fair price. This makes it risky for banks to hold substantial crypto reserves or to provide loans based on cryptocurrency collateral.

Essentially, these risks mean that banks are hesitant to become heavily involved in the crypto world until regulations are clearer and the market becomes more stable.

For example, imagine a bank lending money to a crypto company. If the crypto market crashes, the company might default on its loan, leaving the bank with significant losses.
Similarly, if a bank holds a large amount of cryptocurrency and the price falls sharply, it could face a significant loss of capital.

How high can XRP realistically go?

XRP’s price action is currently experiencing a rebound after hitting six-month lows on Monday, April 7th, 2025. This upward movement has sparked renewed interest in the token’s potential.

While predicting future price movements is inherently speculative, several analysts foresee a significant increase in XRP’s value in the coming years. These predictions are based on a variety of factors, including anticipated growth in the overall cryptocurrency market, increasing adoption of Ripple’s technology by financial institutions, and the potential outcome of the ongoing legal battle between Ripple Labs and the SEC. A positive resolution in the SEC lawsuit could act as a significant catalyst for price appreciation.

Some experts project XRP reaching $5.50 by the end of 2025. More bullish projections anticipate prices of $8.00 in 2026 and even $10.40 in 2027. It’s crucial to remember that these are merely estimations and should not be interpreted as financial advice.

The projected growth hinges on several key developments. The broader cryptocurrency market sentiment plays a major role; a positive market trend would likely benefit XRP. Furthermore, increased institutional adoption of RippleNet, Ripple’s payment solution, for cross-border transactions could fuel demand and drive up the price. Finally, the legal uncertainty surrounding XRP remains a significant factor. A favorable court ruling would likely unlock substantial growth potential. Conversely, a negative outcome could negatively impact the price.

Investors should always conduct their own thorough research and consider their risk tolerance before investing in any cryptocurrency, including XRP. Past performance is not indicative of future results. The cryptocurrency market is highly volatile, and significant price swings are common.